Which approach emphasizes a division of work between management and workers?

The approach that emphasizes a division of work between management and workers is scientific management. This management theory, developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the early 20th century, focuses on optimizing labor productivity and efficiency through standardized processes. It suggests that management should take charge of planning and controlling work tasks, while workers execute these tasks under management’s direction. The essence of scientific management lies in finding the most efficient ways to perform tasks and ensuring that workers are trained and equipped to execute them efficiently.

This approach contrasts with other philosophies. Lean production focuses on eliminating waste and improving flow without a strict division of labor, while total quality management integrates all members of an organization in improving processes, products, and services, promoting a more collaborative environment. Mass production, on the other hand, emphasizes the production of large quantities but does not inherently prescribe a division of labor between management and workers in the same way that scientific management does.

Understanding how scientific management positions the authority and responsibilities of workers and managers provides insight into organizational structure and the evolution of management practices.