What production concept was developed by Toyota Motor Company to manage resources effectively?

The concept developed by Toyota Motor Company to manage resources effectively is Just-in-Time (JIT) production. This system focuses on reducing waste by receiving goods only as they are needed in the production process, which minimizes inventory costs and enhances efficiency. By implementing JIT, Toyota maximizes the production process's flow and reduces the time between ordering and receiving materials, ultimately leading to more streamlined operations.

JIT emphasizes aligning production with customer demand, which requires a high level of coordination and flexibility in the supply chain. As such, it allows manufacturers to adjust quickly to changes in demand, ensuring that resources are allocated efficiently.

In contrast, other production concepts, like lean manufacturing, focus more broadly on waste reduction throughout the production process rather than specifically on timing and inventory levels. Mass production emphasizes high volume and standardization, while batch production involves producing items in groups or batches, which does not inherently focus on minimizing waste or enhancing responsiveness to demand.