Juran characterized Japan's implementation of QC as what type of technique?

Juran characterized Japan's implementation of Quality Control (QC) primarily as a management technique. This perspective highlights the importance of leadership and management commitment in successfully implementing quality practices. Juran emphasized that quality improvement is not solely the responsibility of quality control specialists but must be incorporated into the overall management philosophy of an organization.

In Japan, this approach allowed for a culture of quality that involved all employees, driven by management's support and vision. This focus on management underscores the idea that sustainable quality improvements require a strategic approach that addresses not just the operational aspects but also the organizational structure and leadership engagement.

Other types of techniques, like specialist, operational, and technical, tend to focus more on specific areas or functions. While they are important, they do not capture the holistic view that Juran promoted, which integrates quality into the fabric of management practices and organizational culture.